Chapter 20

Local Small Farmers benefitted considerably because they were now able to own their own land, build substantial houses and buy imported goods. For several decades in the late nineteenth century, standards of living improved sharply. It was a very different situation from that of peasants forced to grow crops that seriously interfered with their food production.

            Profitable cash crop farming also developed in the southern Gold Coast, a British territory in West Africa. Unlike Burma, it was African farmers themselves who took the initiative to develop export agriculture.           

            

Sister Presentation

A sister came to class to teach talk to us and teach us about what the do and believe in. She started out by telling us how the school was started which was interesting to know that they were removed from there prior place and our school took them in to begin a school here. We also have another school in Ohio that is associated with ours. The other school is actually were Dorothy Stang taught before she traveled to Brazil. She told us all of the different areas the have missions in the world such as Japan which is were she went on one of her missions. She talked about when she was in Japan a women pulled out a map to show her something and Japan was located in the center of the Globe and went on to talk about perception around the world. This was a very interesting presentation considering it was from another point of view, and had a religious based outlook.

Not For Sale Bake Sale

The Not For Sale Bake Sale- April 20th

The bake sale was very successful, and many people were very appreciative. 

• At the Event
• Cookies
• Brownies
• Cinnamon Rolls
• Pound Cake
• Note Cards about Not For Sale and what the cause was for

We had lots of people that were very pleased to know we were doing this after hearing about what it was. Most people didn't even realize that this happened around the world or even in there backyard here in SF. Lots of people made donations for the cause because they believed in what we were doing. I feel that by just getting the world out in those short 2 and 1/2 hours was well worth it and can help. We did raise money as well. We raised about 50 dollars but more importantly was that we informed people.

Chapter 17

Chapter 17

            Atlantic revolutions differed substantially from one another. They were triggered by different circumstances, expressed quite different social and political tensions, and varied considerably in there outcomes.

            American revolution was a struggle for independence from oppressive British Rule. That struggle was launched with the declaration of Independence in 1776, resulted in an unlikely military victory by 1781, and generated a federal constitution in 1787, joining 13 formally separate colonies into a new nation. It was the first in a long series of upheavals that rocked the Atlantic world and beyond in the century that followed.

            The American Revolution marked a decisive political change, but in other ways it was, strangely enough, a conservative movement, because it originated in an effort to preserve the existing liberties of the colonies rather than to create new ones.

            The American Revolution has changed everything that resembles America now. With the factories that employed women for the first time while men were in the War. This was the beginning of a new America. This gave women rights, and discovered to possibilities of the human mind. 

Chapter 16

Chapter 16

           

            “The Reformation began in 1517 when a German priest, Martin Luther, Publicly invited debate about various abuses within the Roman Catholic Church by posting a document, known as the Ninety-five theses, on the door of a church in Wittenberg. In itself, this was nothing new, for many people were critical of the luxurious life of the popes, the corruption and immorality of some clergy, the Church’s selling of indulgences, and other aspects of church life and practice.” This was huge aspect of this time, so many branches of Catholicism was evolved from this. It was looked at negatively at first but then grew on people and everyone looked at these ideas with there own views and began to sway away from traditional Catholic Church. This is when Lutheran, Christian, LDS etc… were created.

            All of this challenged the authority of the Church and called into question the special position of the clerical hierarchy and of the pope in particular. In sixteenth-century Europe, this was the stuff of revolution. This created the new revolution and changed so many lives.

            The Chinese encounter with Christianity was very different from that of Native Americans in Spain’s New World Empire. At no point was china ‘s political independence or cultural integrity threatened by the handful of European missionaries and traders operating in the country.

            Science was used to legitimize racial and gender inequalities, by defining people of color and women as inferior by nature. When married to the            technological innovations of the Industrial Revolution, Science fostered both the marvels of modern production and the horrors of modern means of destruction.  

Chapter 15

Notes

The voyage of the Portuguese mariner Vasco de Gama, in which Europeans sailed to India for the first time, was certainly no accident. It was the outcome of a deliberate, systematic, century-long Portuguese effort to explore sea route to the east, by creeping slowly down West African coast, around the tip of South Africa, up the East African coast, and finally to Calicut in southern India in 1498.

The most immediate motivation for this massive effort was the desire for tropical spices:

·      Cinnamon

·      Nutmeg

·      Mace

·      Cloves

·      And mostly pepper

Which were widely used as condiments and preservatives and were sometimes regarded as aphrodisiacs.

            First the source of supply for these much-desired goods lay solidly in Muslim hands. Most immediately, Muslin Egypt was the primary point of transfer into the Mediterranean basin and its European customers. The Italian commercial city of Venice largely monopolized the European trade in Eastern goods, annually sending convoys of ships to Alexandria.

            What Portuguese created in the Indian Ocean is commonly known as a “trading post empire” for they aimed to control commerce, not large territories or populations, and to do so by force of arms rather than by economic competition.

            By the 1600’s, the Portuguese trading post empire was in steep decline due to the rise of Asian posts.

Summery

           

            Europe was in need of many spices and had no access to them other than by trade in the Indian Ocean. This was a huge industry because they were in such high demand. This was so important to there ways of life. European counties are know for the famous unique taste of their foods and this was due to the spices they acquired. The European trade was an era of monopolistic items because you only could get these in some parts in the world.